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Article History

Received: 20 December 2024

Revised: 10 April 2025

Accepted: 11 April 2025

First Online: 23 January 2026

Ethics declaration

: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Ethical considerations were made in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki and ethical approval was obtained from the University of Bedfordshire (Ref 01/DLE/02/2023 −2007880). Consent was obtained from the NHSE East Midlands and West Midlands Dental Team to allow information about the study to be included in the LDN newsletters asking for GDPs to participate, and GDPs completed consent forms. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. Participants were provided with clear information about the purpose of the research, what their participation would involve, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequence