Fisal, Aisyah Ahmad
Rohani, Maryani Mohamed
Nor, Nor Azlida Mohd
Hamzah, Tengku Nurfarhana Nadirah Tengku
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Malaya
Article History
Received: 6 March 2025
Revised: 22 May 2025
Accepted: 8 June 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Ethics declaration
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Ethics approval and consent was not required for this study as it did not involve human participants, animal subjects, or identifiable personal data.