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Article History

Received: 11 July 2018

Revised: 17 October 2018

Accepted: 24 October 2018

First Online: 19 December 2018

Availability of data and materials

: Because of the sensitive nature of the data collected for this study, requests to access the data set from qualified researchers trained in human subject confidentiality protocols may be sent to the corresponding author.

: The SIGGAR trials were registered (ISRCTN95152621) and received ethics approval from the Northern and Yorkshire Multicentre Research Ethics Committee (MREC/3/3/075). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients randomised in the SIGGAR trials. Permission to obtain cancer and mortality data for patients not randomised in the SIGGAR trials was granted by the National Information Governance Board (ref. ECC 5–04(E)/2011). Further ethics approval for the SOCCER study was granted by the National Research Ethics Service (NRES) Committee North East – York. Approval for the processing of patient identifiable information without consent under Section 251 of the NHS Act 2006 was granted by the NHS Health Research Authority Confidentiality Advisory Group (ref. 14/CAG/1043).

: S.T.-G. reports fees from PENTAX Medical and Olympus for equipment loans and from Fujifilm and Aquilant for educational course sponsorship and support. The other authors declare no competing interests.