Russell, Matthew R.
Graham, Ciaren
D’Amato, Alfonsina
Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra
Ryan, Andy
Kalsi, Jatinderpal K.
Whetton, Anthony D.
Menon, Usha
Jacobs, Ian
Graham, Robert L. J.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cancer Research UK (C1005/A12677)
Article History
Received: 30 October 2018
Revised: 4 July 2019
Accepted: 18 July 2019
First Online: 7 August 2019
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following potential conflict of interest. Both I.J. and U.M. have a financial interest through UCL Business and Abcodia Ltd in the commercial use of UKCTOCS samples. I.J. is a Non-Executive Director and Consultant to Abcodia Ltd and a Director of Women’s Health Specialists Ltd. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: UKCTOCS (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN22488978; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00058032) was given ethical approval (North West MREC 00/8/34). The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: This work was made possible by funding for staff, reagents and equipment for the PROMISE (Predicting Risk of Ovarian Malignancy in Screening and Early Detection) programme jointly provided by the Eve Appeal charity and by Cancer Research UK (grant award C1005/A12677). UKCTOCS analysis was funded by the Medical Research Council, Cancer Research UK, and the Department of Health with additional support from the Eve Appeal, Special Trustees of Bart’s and the London, and Special Trustees of UCLH.
: UKCTOCS trial design; subject consent and ethical oversight; sample acquisition and storage; and CA125 quantification are available—Skates S.J. Ovarian cancer screening: development of the risk of ovarian cancer algorithm (ROCA) and ROCA screening trials. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2012. 22 Suppl 1, S24–26. Menon U., Gentry-Maharaj A., Hallett R., Ryan A., Burnell M., Sharma A. et al. Sensitivity and specificity of multimodal and ultrasound screening for ovarian cancer, and stage distribution of detected cancers: results of the prevalence screen of the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS). Lancet Oncol 2009, 10, 327–340. Jacobs I.J., Menon M., Ryan A., Gentry-Maharaj A., Burnell M., Kals J.K. et al. Ovarian cancer screening and mortality in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2016, 387, 945–956. Rosenthal A.N., Fraser L.S.M., Philpott S., Manchanda R., Burnell M., Badman P. et al. Evidence of Stage Shift in Women Diagnosed With Ovarian Cancer During Phase II of the United Kingdom Familial Ovarian Cancer Screening Study. J Clin Oncol 2017, 35, 1411–1420. <i>Protocol for the United Kingdom Collaborateive Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS)</i>. Available from: ExternalRef removed. Jacobs I.J., Skates S.J., MacDonald N., Menon U., Rosenthal A.N., Davies A.P. et al. Screening for ovarian cancer: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999, 353, 1207–1210. Protein Z, LCAT and CRP data are available—Russell M.R., Graham C., D’Amato A., Gentry-Maharaj A., Ryan A., Kalsi J.K. et al. A combined biomarker panel shows improved sensitivity for the early detection of ovarian cancer allowing the identification of the most aggressive type II tumours. Br J Cancer 2017, 117, 666–674. Russell M.R., Walker M.J., Williamson A.J.K., Gentry‐Maharaj A., Ryan A., Kalsi J.K. et al. Protein Z: a putative novel biomarker for early detection of ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2016 138, 2984–2992.