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Article History

Received: 6 April 2019

Revised: 3 September 2019

Accepted: 6 September 2019

First Online: 2 October 2019

Competing interests

: P.S.M., N.P., J.L.L., H.P., S.S., J.W., C.C., J.L.J., R.C. and S.E.C. have nothing to disclose. K.A.O. reports grants from the National Cancer Research Institute, during the conduct of the study; grants from Leica Biosystems, grants from Qiagen, non-financial support from ThermoFisher, non-financial support from Illumina, non-financial support from Aridhia, non-financial support from Sistemic, non-financial support from BioClavis and non-financial support from Biotheranostics, outside the submitted work. C.V. reports support from the National Cancer Research Institute CM-Path initiative, from the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and from Cancer Research UK Oxford Cancer Centre during the conduct of the study.

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: The NCRI’s CM-Path initiative was established in 2016 with the aim of re-invigorating academic pathology. It is funded as a collaborative venture between ten of the NCRI partner organisations: Bloodwise, Breast Cancer Now, Cancer Research UK, the Chief Scientist Office (Scotland), the Department of Health and Social Care (England), Health and Care Research Wales, Health and Social Care (Northern Ireland), the Medical Research Council, Prostate Cancer UK and Tenovus Cancer Care. These organisations did not participate in study design; collection, analysis and interpretation of data; writing the report or the decision to submit the paper for publication. Nischalan Pillay’s research time is funded by a Cancer Research UK Clinician Scientist fellowship. Clare Verrill’s research time is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health.

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