Funding for this research was provided by:
NSF | BIO | Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (1708823)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Center for Scientific Review (1R01-CA237660)
U.S. Department of Defense (PC130391)
Article History
Received: 25 June 2020
Revised: 22 October 2020
Accepted: 11 November 2020
First Online: 14 December 2020
Change Date: 23 September 2025
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: Following publication of the article, errors were found in Figure 1 and Figure 5. Fig. 1a: incorrect data was used in the original publication; this panel has been replaced with a newly prepared dataset generated from multiple independent experimental replicates provided by Hanan Haymour (reprinted with permission from [1]). Fig. 5i: incorrect data was used in the original publication; the correct data is now displayed. Fig. 5k: incorrect data was used in the original publication; the correct data is now displayed. Fig. 5m: incorrect data was used in the original publication; the correct data is now displayed.
Change Date: 9 October 2025
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-025-03212-0
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: All experiments were performed in accordance with protocol (protocol # 1111000292; approval date 01/07/2019) approved by the Purdue Animal Care and Use Committee (PACUC) of Purdue University. Male NCRNU-M athymic nude mice (4–6 weeks old) were obtained from Taconic Laboratories. These were kept in Purdue pathogen-free animal facility, with three mice in each cage.
: Not applicable.
: All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This work was supported by NSF award # 1708823, NIH award 1R01-CA237660 and DOD U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity, Prostate Cancer Research Program (Award # PC130391).