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Article History

Received: 10 June 2019

Revised: 8 January 2020

Accepted: 5 February 2020

First Online: 2 March 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Patient’s or next of kin’s consent was obtained, and procedures were done following internal review board approval (ethics proposal No.162/10, University of Ulm). The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The chorioallantoic membrane assays and toxicity studies were performed in accordance with the directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.

: No individual person’s data are included in the manuscript in any form.

: The data supporting the results reported in the article are deposited at the translational brain tumour research laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K08 NS083732, R01 NS095848 and R01 NS102366) to M.D.S.