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Article History

Received: 3 October 2019

Revised: 20 March 2020

Accepted: 16 April 2020

First Online: 11 May 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Disclosure of patient information has been authorised under Section 251 of the NHS UK Act 2016. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Consent for publication was not required because this manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data.

: Data for this study are based on patient-level information collected by the National Health Service as part of the care and support of patients with cancers. The data are collated, maintained, and quality assured by the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, which is part of Public Health England.

: C.A.W., M.J.S., P.C.L., M.J.R. and R.H.J. declare no conflicts of interests. D.W. reports other funding from Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery, from Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, personal fees from Medtronic Inc, outside the submitted work. D.A. reports grants and non-financial support from AstraZeneca, grants from Abbott Vascular, outside the submitted work. M.P. reports grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, grants from AstraZeneca, personal fees from BMS Pharmaceuticals, personal fees from Roche Pharmaceutical, personal fees from AstraZeneca, personal fees from Pfizer, personal fees from MSD, outside the submitted work.

: The study was funded by a joint research grant from the British Heart Foundation (SP/16/5/32415) and Cancer Research UK (C53325/A21134). The funders did not have any involvement in producing the manuscript.