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Article History

Received: 25 June 2021

Revised: 29 October 2021

Accepted: 2 November 2021

First Online: 15 November 2021

Competing interests

: SK reports personal fees from Astra Zeneca, grants and personal fees from Chugai, personal fees from Pfizer, grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees from Taiho, personal fees from Novartis, grants and personal fees from Daiichi-Sankyo, personal fees from MSD, personal fees from Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, grants and personal fees from Eisai, grants from Astellas, grants from Gilead Sciences, grants and personal fees from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, personal fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, grants and personal fees from REGENERON, personal fees from AYUMI Pharmaceutical Corporation, personal fees from Rakuten Medical, grants from PACT Pharma, grants from Takara Bio Inc., personal fees from GSK, personal fees from ImmuniT Research Inc., grants and personal fees from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, personal fees from PMDA (Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency), grants from AMED (Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development) and grants from JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science), outside the submitted work. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The human ethics board of each institution approved this study and written informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to enrolment (Iwate Medical University; Protocol No. 2019-083, National Cancer Center Hospital East; Protocol No. 2019-194).