Nair-Shalliker, Visalini http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-5125
Bang, Albert
Egger, Sam
Yu, Xue Qin http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8638-7979
Chiam, Karen http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8154-6731
Steinberg, Julia
Patel, Manish I.
Banks, Emily
O’Connell, Dianne L.
Armstrong, Bruce K.
Smith, David P. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1474-3214
Article History
Received: 12 October 2021
Revised: 22 March 2022
Accepted: 11 April 2022
First Online: 24 May 2022
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Individuals gave written informed consent to take part in the study, including consent for follow-up through repeated data collection and linkage of their data to population health databases. Ethical approval for the conduct of the 45 and Up Study was provided by the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee. Ethical approval for the present study was provided by the NSW Population & Health Services Research Ethics Committee (14/CIPHS/54).