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Article History

Received: 15 April 2022

Revised: 17 November 2022

Accepted: 21 November 2022

First Online: 8 December 2022

Competing interests

: GT reports advisory board for BMS, AZ, MSD, Merck, Servier. SL reports consulting or advisory role for Amgen, Merck, Serono, Lilly, Astra Zeneca, Incyte, Daiichi-Sankyo, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Servier, MSD; Speakers’ Bureau for Roche, Lilly, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Servier, Merck, Serono, Pierre-Fabre, GSK, Amgen; research funding for Amgen, Merck, Serono, Bayer, Roche, Lilly, Astra Zeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb. LS reports speakers’ and consultant’s fee from MSD, Astra-Zeneca, Servier, Bayer, Merck, Amgen, Pierre-Fabre. AS reports advisory board or invited speaker for Pierre Fabre, Lilly, Merck, Viatris. MN reports travel expenses from Celgene, speaker honorarium from Accademia della Medicina; honoraria from Medpoint SRL for editorial collaboration; consultant honoraria from EMD Serono, Basilea Pharmaceutica, Incyte and MSD Italia. SC reports travel expenses and personal honoraria for the following companies: Speaker for Amgen, Bayer, Eli Lilly, Servier; Advisory Boards for Amgen, Eli Lilly, Bayer, Baxter, Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Servier; Consultant for Amgen, Baxter, Eli Lilly, Celgene, Novartis, MSD; Research grant for Celgene, Eisai. MM reports personal honoraria as speaker or consultant for Astrazeneca, MSD, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, EUSA Pharma, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Ipsen, Mylan. MR reports advisory boards for Astra-Zeneca, PANAVANCE, Viatris, SOTIO, Servier, MSD, Lilly, Celgene, Shire, Baxter, Sanofi and a research grant from Astra-Zeneca. All remaining authors have declared no competing interests.

: Before testing, all patients signed an informed consensus statement that was revised and approved by a local ethics committee and allowed for genetic testing and data collection, analysis and elaboration. Data were irreversibly anonymised before entering into the database.

: Not applicable.