Updates are available Correction dated 2023-01-25

Article History

Received: 16 November 2022

Revised: 25 November 2022

Accepted: 6 December 2022

First Online: 4 January 2023

Change Date: 25 January 2023

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-023-02160-x

Competing interests

: SMM has received compensation as a member of the scientific advisory board of AstraZeneca. GM received honoraria for advisory boards/speaker engagements from BMS, MSD, AZ, Roche, D2G, Servier and Merck Serono. Prof Swanton acknowledges grant support from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, BMS, Roche-Ventana, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Invitae (previously Archer Dx Inc)—collaboration in minimal residual disease sequencing technologies, and Ono Pharmaceutical, and is an AstraZeneca Advisory Board member and Chief Investigator for the AZ MeRmaiD 1 and 2 clinical trials and is also Co-Chief Investigator of the NHS Galleri trial funded by GRAIL and a paid member of GRAIL’s Scientific Advisory Board. He receives consultant fees from Achilles Therapeutics (also SAB member), Bicycle Therapeutics (also a SAB member), Genentech, Medicxi, Roche Innovation Centre—Shanghai, Metabomed (until July 2022) and the Sarah Cannon Research Institute C.S has received honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, MSD, Bristol Myers Squibb, Illumina and Roche-Ventana; had stock options in Apogen Biotechnologies and GRAIL until June 2021, and currently has stock options in Epic Bioscience, Bicycle Therapeutics, and has stock options and is co-founder of Achilles Therapeutics (Patents: C.S. holds patents relating to assay technology to detect tumour recurrence (PCT/GB2017/053289); to targeting neoantigens (PCT/EP2016/059401), identifying patent response to immune checkpoint blockade (PCT/EP2016/071471), determining HLA LOH (PCT/GB2018/052004), predicting survival rates of patients with cancer (PCT/GB2020/050221), identifying patients who respond to cancer treatment (PCT/GB2018/051912), US patent relating to detecting tumour mutations (PCT/US2017/28013), methods for lung cancer detection (US20190106751A1) and both a European and US patent related to identifying insertion/deletion mutation targets (PCT/GB2018/051892)). SP reported receiving consultancy honoraria and research funding from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Blueprint, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline, Guardant Health, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Roche, Seattle Genetics, Takeda, Turning Point Therapeutics; consultancy honoraria from Bayer, BeiGene, EQRx, Merck KGaA, Novartis, Pfizer and Sanofi; he is an advisor for ALK Positive UK, Lung Cancer Europe, Ruth Strauss Foundation; part of the board of directors of Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation and leadership for BTOG Steering Committee, ETOP Foundation Council. MR and DMB are employees of Illumina, a public company that develops and markets systems for genetic analysis. SNH is an employee of Pfizer. SH is a full-time employee of AstraZeneca and holds stock in AstraZeneca and Roche/Genentech. JP was an employee of Illumina during the programme. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.

: Research involving human subjects, human materials or human data have been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and have been approved by the NRES Committee East of England—Cambridge Central (REC reference 11/EE/0202). All patients involved in the study provided informed consent for the use of their material and data.