Document is current

Article History

Received: 3 June 2022

Revised: 14 February 2023

Accepted: 24 February 2023

First Online: 23 March 2023

Competing interests

: CK has sponsored research agreements with Eli Lily, Roche-Genentech and Cardiff Oncology as well as recent collaborations with Novartis, and is co-founder of Tio Companies. Artisan Biopharma is a wholly-owned subsidiary of cc-TDI. PS has received honoraria from Blueprint Medicines, consults with Deciphera, Ellipses Pharma, Blueprint Medicines,Transgene, Exelixis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ysios Capital, Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie, Modus Outcomes, Curio Science, SQZ Biotechnology, CRT Pioneer Fund LP, Adcendo, PharmaMar, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Advance Medical/Teladoc Health, and receives research funding from CoBioRes NV, Eisai, G1 Therapeutics, PharmaMar, Genmab, Merck, Sartar Therapeutics, and ONA Therapeutics. DEF has a financial interest in Soltego, a company developing salt inducible kinase inhibitors for topical skin-darkening treatments that might be used for a broad set of human applications. The interests of DEF were reviewed and are managed by Massachusetts General Hospital and Partners HealthCare in accordance with their conflict of interest policies. NEB is founder of First Ascent Biomedical.

: Under institutional review board/human studies ethics committee approvals, de-identified CCS tissue samples were collected from the CuReFast Biobank (Advarra, protocol # cc-TDI-IRB-1), The Royal Marsden Hospital, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) 90101 CREATE study []. All patients gave written informed consent under approved institutional ethics board protocols (REB# 01–0138-U) and studies were conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki.