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Article History

Received: 20 January 2023

Revised: 29 August 2023

Accepted: 6 September 2023

First Online: 20 September 2023

Competing interests

: DD reports research support (clinical trials for institution) from Ambrx Biopharma, Beigene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, EpimAb, Harbor BioMed, Maxinovel, MSD, Olema Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, PhamAbcine, Roche, Haihe Biopharma; data safety monitoring board or advisory board participation for MSD; travel support from Novartis; and has a leadership or fiduciary role on the Monash Health Human Research Ethics Board. BM reports data safety monitoring board or advisory board participation for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Beigene, Bristol Myers Squibb, and MSD. CL reports an honorarium from Sanofi, meeting travel support from Amgen, and participation on Data Safety Monitoring Board. AP reports support for her clinical fellow to attend the CSCO meeting (payment to institution), research support to institution from MSD, Pfizer, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Novartis, Roche/Genentech, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bayer, Boehringer, Ingelheim, Beigene, Akesobio, Regeneron, Hutchinson pharma, Macrogenics, CStone Pharmaceuticals, Five Prime Therapeutics, CBT Pharmaceuticals, Arcus Biosciences, Corvus Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, Henlius, QBiotics, Virogin, GSK, Theradex, ENB Therapeutics, InxMed, Seattle Genetics, Janssen, Starpharma, AUM Biosciences, Deciphera pharmaceuticals, and PTC Therapeutics, and holds a leadership role for Biointellix Pty Ltd. JCK reports travel support from Merck. MPB reports honoraria for educational events and advisory board participation from BMS, MSD and Novartis that were paid to his institution. RC reports support from CStone Pharmaceuticals to attend conference (payment to institution). RS, YM, ZY, H-hH, RW, PL and ANT are employees of CStone Pharmaceuticals. ANT and RS own stock in CStone Pharmaceuticals. All other authors declare no competing interests.

: The appropriate independent ethics committee/institutional review board at each site approved the study protocol. This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. All patients provided written informed consent, including for exploratory biomarker research.