Clift, Ash Kieran http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0061-979X
Tan, Pui San
Patone, Martina
Liao, Weiqi
Coupland, Carol
Bashford-Rogers, Rachael
Sivakumar, Shivan
Hippisley-Cox, Julia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2479-7283
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pancreatic Cancer UK (RIF2021)
Article History
Received: 11 September 2023
Revised: 8 April 2024
Accepted: 11 April 2024
First Online: 3 May 2024
Competing interests
: JH-C is an unpaid director of QResearch, a not-for-profit organisation that is a partnership between the University of Oxford and EMIS Health who supply the QResearch database used for this work. JH-C has a 50% shareholding in ClinRisk Ltd, co-owning it with her husband, who is a director. As a shareholder and spouse of a director, she has a financial and family interest in the ongoing and future success of the company. The company licences software both to the private sector and to NHS bodies or bodies that provide services to the NHS (through GP electronic health record providers, pharmacies, hospital providers and other NHS providers). This software implements algorithms developed from access to the QResearch database during her time at the University of Nottingham. CC reports previous consultancy with ClinRisk Ltd outside the current work. PST reports previous consultation with AstraZeneca and Duke-NUS outside the current work. RB-R is a co-founder of Alchemab Therapeutics Ltd and consultant for Alchemab Therapeutics Ltd, Roche, GSK and UCB outside the current work. SS holds research funding from Bristol Myers Squibb, received fees for ad board for AstraZeneca, received speakers fees from AstraZeneca and received support from AstraZeneca and Novartis for online attendance at meetings. The other authors declare that they do not have any competing interests.
: This study was approved by the QResearch Scientific board (project reference OX153); ethical approval for the QResearch database is with the Derby Research Ethics Committee (reference: 18/EM/0400). Anonymised data sharing from general practices contributing to QResearch is on an individual ‘opt-out’ basis—individual patient consent was not required for this analysis of anonymised, routinely collected clinical data.