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Article History

Received: 8 August 2024

Revised: 15 February 2025

Accepted: 18 March 2025

First Online: 5 April 2025

Competing interests

: DJH has received honoraria/speaker fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer and Servier, transport/accommodation grants from Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Servier, Roche and Nanomab Technology (UK) Limited, research funding via institute from Nanomab, and is an executive committee member of the Association of Cancer Physicians (UK). GCh served as an executive director for Nanomab Technology (UK) Limited. JJ has no relevant conflicts of interest. RT has no relevant conflicts of interest. DB has received honoraria/speaker fees from Takeda, Roche, and Pfizer. KA has no relevant conflicts of interest. SE has no relevant conflicts of interest. LKM is a former employee and shareholder of Nanomab, provides consultancy for Nanomab Technology (UK) Limited and is an employee and shareholder of Radiopharm Theranostics Limited. AEBM has received research support via institution from and provided consultancy for Nanomab Technology (UK) Limited. TM has no relevant conflicts of interest. SN has no relevant conflicts of interest. SG has received honoraria/speaker fees from Astrazeneca, Amgen and Chugai, and travel/accommodation grants from Roche. AG has received honoraria/speaker fees from Merck, Amgen, Astrazeneca and Takeda, and travel/accommodation grants from Takeda. SGh has no relevant conflicts of interest. DJ has no relevant conflicts of interest. EK has received honoraria/speaker fees from Takeda, Roche, Pfizer, Janssen and Merck, Sharp &Dohme (MSD), travel/accommodation grants from MSD, has received research funding via institute from MSD and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), and has participated in advisory board(s) with Amgen and MSD. EM has no relevant conflicts of interest. HT is a non-executive director of Nanomab Technology (UK) Limited. JS has no relevant conflicts of interest. VG has no relevant conflicts of interest. GJRC has received research support via institution from Nanomab Technology (UK) Limited, Theragnostics, Serac Healthcare, and provides consultancy for GE Healthcare, Nanomab Technology, Amgen, Blue Earth Diagnostics and Full-Life Technologies.

: The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later amendments. The study underwent ethics review and was approved by a UK Research Ethics Committee (UK IRAS reference 256684). All patients provided written informed consent.

: Written informed consent to participate and publication was required for this study as per UK Research Ethics Committee and Health Research Authority (IRAS reference 256684).