Zhang, Zhen
Jin, Xingyu
Yin, Qiang
Li, Peng
Sun, Zengfeng
Li, Wenliang
Liu, Qun
Zhang, Xiaohui
Wang, Peng
Piao, Yingzhe
Lu, Yalin
Li, Lianwang
Yi, Kaikai
She, Chunhua
Ma, Li
Zhang, Jiangyan
Jin, Xun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1550-2199
Cao, Manqing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-2269
Wang, Xiaoguang https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5461-0333
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272639, 82073276, 82273100, 82302999, 82103642)
Article History
Received: 28 September 2024
Revised: 17 March 2025
Accepted: 29 April 2025
First Online: 29 May 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All patient samples were collected with informed consent and approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital (bc20250569). Study participants gave informed consent and provided written consent before tissue collection. Separate written informed consent was obtained from all participants whose identifiable images (e.g., radiological images) were included in this study. This consent explicitly permits the publication of the images in print and online formats. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
: All authors consented to the publication.