Buckell, John https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4157-4217
Madyiwa, Nomalanga
Hayward, Gail
Middleton, Mark R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-1685
Hobbs, FD Richard
Buchanan, James https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2528-0638
Tsiachristas, Apostolos
Nicholson, Brian D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0661-7362
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cancer Research UK (CTRQQR-2021\10000002)
Cancer Research UK (CTRQQR-2021\10000002)
Cancer Research UK (CTRQQR-2021\10000002)
Cancer Research UK (CTRQQR-2021\1000002)
Cancer Research UK (CTRQQR-2021\1000002)
Cancer Research UK (CTRQQR-2021\1000002)
Article History
Received: 10 December 2024
Revised: 25 April 2025
Accepted: 12 May 2025
First Online: 2 June 2025
Change Date: 23 September 2025
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: " During the production process for the article, the correct version of the figure (which had been present throughout the editorial assessment and peer review process) was inadvertently replaced with an incorrect figure file.
Change Date: 1 December 2025
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-025-03213-z
Competing interests
: The author declares no competing interests
: Ethical approval was granted from OxTREC ethics committee at Oxford, REF: R90824/RE001. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.