Mesa-Eguiagaray, Ines https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6784-2419
Iakovliev, Andrii
Li, Xue https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-2577
Timofeeva, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-4253
He, Yazhou https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-0143
Zhang, Xiaomeng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-7548
Din, Farhat V. N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5466-8282
Farrington, Susan M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-7389
Spiliopoulou, Athina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5929-6585
Dunlop, Malcolm G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-5851
Theodoratou, Evropi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5887-9132
Article History
Received: 8 October 2024
Revised: 5 May 2025
Accepted: 13 May 2025
First Online: 12 June 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethics approval was obtained from the Multi-Centre Research Ethics committee for Scotland (approval number MREC/ 01/0/5) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Patients and controls gave informed consent to take part in the Scottish case-control studies and to provide clinical data and blood and tumour samples. Patients and the public were not involved in the design of the study.