Sakai, Shunsuke A. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3740-6795
Oyoshi, Hidekazu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-0312
Nakamura, Masaki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4431-8892
Taki, Tetsuro
Nomura, Kotaro
Hojo, Hidehiro
Hirata, Hidenari https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3130-6857
Motegi, Atsushi
Nakamura, Yuka
Zenkoh, Junko
Aokage, Keiju
Hamada, Akira
Kojima, Motohiro
Kuwata, Takeshi
Tsuchihara, Katsuya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7507-2349
Akimoto, Tetsuo
Soh, Junichi
Mitsudomi, Tetsuya
Tsuboi, Masahiro
Ishii, Genichiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8637-3323
Suzuki, Yutaka
Suzuki, Ayako
Yamashita, Riu
Kageyama, Shun-Ichiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6072-0144
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (21K07582)
MEXT | Japan Science and Technology Agency (JPMJSP2108)
Article History
Received: 5 November 2024
Revised: 12 May 2025
Accepted: 9 June 2025
First Online: 16 July 2025
Competing interests
: M.N. reports personal fees from AstraZeneca and a research grant from illumina, outside the submitted work. T.K. received research grant from Roche Diagnostics K.K. outside of this work. M.T. has received honorarium and lecture fees from Johnson & Johnson Japan, AstraZeneca KK, Eli Lilly Japan, Chugai Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Taiho Pharma, Medtronic Japan, Ono Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, MSD, Bristol-Myers Squibb KK, Novartis, Amgen KK, and Daiichi-Sankyo. Additionally, M.T. has been involved in consulting or advisory roles with AstraZeneca KK, Chugai Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, MSD, and Novartis, and has received research grants and engaged in commissioned research (e.g., clinical trials) from Boehringer-Ingelheim Japan, MSD, AstraZeneca KK, Ono Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, MSD, Bristol-Myers Squibb KK, Novartis, Eli Lilly Japan, and MiRXES. T.M. has received honorarium and lecture fees from AstraZeneca KK, Chugai Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Ono Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, and Bristol-Myers Squibb KK, MSD, Boehringer Ingelheim, Taiho, Eli-Lilly, Novartis, Amgen, Takeda, Kyorin and receieved research grant from AstraZeneca, Chugai, Boeringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Taiho, MSD, Ono, Bridge Biopharma and Natera. A.H. has received honorarium and lecture fees from AstraZeneca KK, Chugai Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Ono Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, and Bristol-Myers Squibb KK. Additionally, A.H. has been involved in consulting or advisory roles with AstraZeneca KK and has received research grants and engaged in commissioned research (e.g., clinical trials) from AstraZeneca KK. J.S. received honorarium and lecture fees from Johnson & Johnson Japan, Chugai Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Taiho Pharma, Medtronic Japan, and Intuitive Japan.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of National Cancer Center Japan (Protocol Number: 2022-407). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.