Ficorella, Lorenzo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0577-1571
Yang, Xin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0037-3790
Mavaddat, Nasim
Carver, Tim
Hassan, Hend
Dennis, Joe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4591-1214
Tyrer, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3724-4757
Ho, Weang-Kee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8269-7344
Teo, Soo-Hwang
Hartman, Mikael https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5726-9965
Li, Jingmei
Eriksson, Mikael
Czene, Kamila
Hall, Per
Rahman, Tameera
Bacon, Andrew
Hardy, Steven
Stokes, Adam E.
Stutzin Donoso, Francisca
Archer, Stephanie
Simard, Jacques https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-3390
Pharoah, Paul D. P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8494-732X
Usher-Smith, Juliet A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8501-2531
Tischkowitz, Marc
Easton, Douglas F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2444-3247
Antoniou, Antonis C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9223-3116
Article History
Received: 27 February 2025
Revised: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 2 July 2025
First Online: 17 July 2025
Competing interests
: LF, TC, DFE and ACA are listed as creators of the BOADICEA model, which has been licensed by Cambridge Enterprise (University of Cambridge).
: MyBrCa study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee, Ramsay Sime Darby Health Care (reference nos: 201109.4 and 201208.1), and the Medical Ethics Committee, University Malaya Medical Centre (reference no: 842.9). Regarding SGCBBstudy, the approval committees for ‘cases’ were National Health Group (NHG) Domain Specific Review Board (DSRB) and SingHealth Centralised Institutional Review Board (CIRB); the approval committee for ‘controls’ was the National University of Singapore (NUS) IRB. UK Biobank study was approved by the UK North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee (MREC). KARMA study was approved by the ethical review board at Karolinska Institutet (2010/958-31/1). All participants to the studies provided informed consent, either written or electronically signed. The studies were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.