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Authors
Barlow, Melissa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0746-1868
Messenger, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9880-2073
Preece, Ryan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1718-6142
Prowse, Amy
Abel, Gary https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-5161
Hamilton, Willie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1611-1373
Merriel, Samuel WD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2919-9087
Chambers, Adam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3215-0535
Bailey, Sarah ER https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-4778
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Higgins family, philanthropic
Wellcome Trust (GW4-CAT PhD Programme for Health Professionals)
DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR203308)
The Higgins Family, philanthropic
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Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Revised: 12 July 2025
Accepted: 4 August 2025
First Online: 22 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This project evaluated service delivery rather than changing routine clinical practice; therefore, ethical committee approval and consent to participate was not required. The requirement for individual NHS numbers for use within this evaluation meets the criteria set out in section 6 of the General Data Protection Regulation: Guidance on Lawful Processing. The processing of data is based upon GDPR Article 6(1)(e)—‘exercise of official authority’ and article 9(2)(h) ‘management of health and care services’. The enabling legislation is the NHS Act 2006 section 13E, including the duty on NHS England to ‘secure continuous improvement in the quality of services’. The same basis supported the secondary care providers supplying data.
