Fujii, Takeo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3747-2688
Iwase, Toshiaki
Shen, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3899-7868
Fukui, Jami
Ueno, Naoto T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-7275
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P30CA07189)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (ZIA BC 012130)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P30CA07189)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P30CA07189)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P30CA016672)
Article History
Received: 16 August 2024
Revised: 6 August 2025
Accepted: 5 September 2025
First Online: 18 October 2025
Competing interests
: NTU: Consulting roles are held with the following companies: AstraZeneca plc, Bayer AG, Pfizer Inc., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., CytoDyn Inc., Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Eisai Co., Ltd., KeChow Pharma, Inc., OBI Pharma Inc., OncoCyte Co., DBA Pear Bio, Kirilys Therapeutics, Inc., Peptilogics, Inc., Phoenix Molecular Designs, Preferred Medicine, Inc., Puma Biotechnology, Inc., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Inc., Sysmex Co. Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., CARNA Biosciences, Inc., ChemDiv, Inc., DualityBio, Rakuten Medical, Inc., Merck Co., AnHeart Therapeutics Inc., Carisma Therapeutics, Inc., and Lilly, Inc; Speaker or preceptorship roles are held with the following companies: Bristol-Myers Squibb, CareNet Inc, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Genomic Health, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Inc., and Medscape; Research agreements are in place with the following companies: AnHeart Therapeutics Inc., Eisai Co., Ltd., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Phoenix Molecular Designs, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Puma Biotechnology, Inc., Merck Co., Oncolys BioPharma Inc., OBI Pharma Inc., ChemDiv, Inc., Tolero Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and VITRAC Therapeutics, LLC.