Rosen, Joshua C.
Cao, Pinjiang
Pham, Nhu-An
Waas, Matthew
Li, Quan
Hueniken, Katrina
Wang, Mutian
Navab, Roya
Wybenga-Groot, Leanne
Radulovich, Nikolina
Niedbala, Michael
Koers, Alex
Ross, Sarah
Moran, Michael F.
Sacher, Adrian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7865-2701
Tsao, Ming-Sound https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-5405
Funding for this research was provided by:
AstraZeneca
Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-148395, The Canada Graduate Research Scholarship – Master’s)
CFI (#36294) Genome Canada and Genome British Columbia
Article History
Received: 9 January 2025
Revised: 29 August 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 11 October 2025
Competing interests
: MN, AK and SR are AstraZeneca employees and shareholders. Dr. Sacher declares institutional Research & Clinical Trial PI from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Genentech, Merck, Lilly, Pfizer, BMS, Spectrum, GSK, Iovance, CRISPR Therapeutics, BridgeBio, HotSpot Therapeutics, AdaptImmune; Advisory committee (no personal fees): Genentech, Amgen, Merck; Travel expenses for clinical trial investigator meetings: Amgen, Merck, Genentech-Roche. MST received research grant (to institution) from AstraZeneca and Sanofi, and consultancy honoraria from AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Abbvie, Boehringer-Ingelheim and Sanofi. All other authors have nothing to declare.
: Study protocols were approved by the Research Ethics Board (REB 09-0510-T) and Animal Care Committee (AUP#743) in accordance to ARRIVE guidelines at the University Health Network. This study was performed in accordance with the ethical principles outlines in the Declaration of Helsinki.