Updates are available Correction dated 2025-12-19
Click to view Correction: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-025-03298-6
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Authors
Bilsland, Alan E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-3908
McCulloch, Eilidh
Degerman, Sofie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-0712
Landfors, Mattias
Wadsley, Jon
Wall, Lucy
Thompson, Catherine
Damyanova, Iva
Samuel, Leslie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8402-8670
Petty, Russell https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2055-4572
Jain, Ankit
Lewsley, Liz-Anne
MacMillan, Antonia
MacLeod, Martin
Walker, Jennifer
McCormick, Carol
McCartney, Elaine
Roxburgh, Patricia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9869-591X
Stobo, Jamie
Thomson, Fiona
Evans, T. R. Jeffry
Keith, W. Nicol
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Article History
Received: 10 April 2025
Revised: 7 September 2025
Accepted: 19 September 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Change Date: 11 December 2025
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: In this article, the author’s name W. Nicol Keith was incorrectly written as Nicol W. Keith.
Change Date: 19 December 2025
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-025-03298-6
Competing interests
: TRJE is the Editor-in-Chief of the BJC and also discloses: Consulting or Advisory Role (payable to employing institution): Ascelia, AstraZeneca, Bicycle Therapeutics, BMS, Eisai, Medivir, MSD, Nucana, Roche/Genentech, and Seagen Speaker (payable to employing institution): AstraZeneca, BMS, Eisai, Medivir, MSD, Nucana, Roche/Genentech, and United Medical. Institutional Funding/Research Grants: Adaptimmune, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Athenex, Avacta, Basilea, Bayer, Beigene, Berg Pharma, Bicycle Therapeutics, BiolineRx, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Clovis Oncology, Codiak, CytomX Therapeutics, Eisai, GlaxoSmithKline, Halozyme, Immunocore, iOnctura, Iovance Biotherapeutics, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Lilly, Medivir, Merck Serono, MSD, MiNA Therapeutics, Modulate Pharma, Novartis, Nucana, Nurix, Plexxikon, Roche/Genentech, Sanofi/Aventis, Sapience Therapeutics, Seagen, Seattle Genetics, Sierra Pharma, Starpharma, T3P, UCB, Verastem, and Vertex; Expert Testimony (payable to employing institution): Medivir. Travel Grant (personal): BMS, Celgene, Eisai, MSD, Nucana, Pierre Fabre, and Roche. RP is a Subject Editor for the BJC and also discloses: Consulting or Advisory Role: Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Servier, Astellas, Beigene, Platinum Discovery. Speaker: BMS, Servier. Travel Grant: BMS, MSD. Institutional Grant: Amgen, Basilea, AstraZeneca, BMS, PlatinumDiscovery, Roche, MSD, Moderna, Astellas, BioNtech, Abbvie, Daiichi Sankyo. FT is an employee of MSD and also a shareholder in Merck&Co, Organon and AstraZeneca. All other authors have no competing interests to declare. AB is currently an employee of Recursion Pharmaceuticals. However, all the work done on the RTL studies was performed whilst an employee of the University of Glasgow.
: Both studies were approved by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Committee (reference numbers 09/S0704/69, 09/S0704/70) and conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice and the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. All patients gave written informed consent before undertaking any study related procedures.
