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Authors
Bi, Jing
Liu, Ketong
Luo, Yiru
Zhou, Yueqi
Liu, Zhengyan
Tao, Junting
Wei, Jinhui
Landstrom, Marene https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6737-7230
Mu, Yabing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-1425
Zang, Guangxiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3081-4780
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Article History
Received: 22 February 2025
Revised: 1 October 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The human specimens involved in this study were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Stomatology Hospital, China Medical University. All the experiments were undertaken following Ethical permission (No. G2020004), and the study methodologies conformed to the standards set by the Declaration of Helsinki. All animal experiments were performed following the procedures granted by the China Medical University animal care committee (CMU2023684). All experiments were performed in accordance with the approved protocol and other relevant guidelines and regulations. Animal welfare was protected following the protocol granted by the animal care committee.
