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Authors
Äijälä, Ville K.
Härkönen, Jouni
Sirniö, Päivi
Mantere, Tuomo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-4403
Elomaa, Hanna
Sirkiä, Onni
Kehusmaa, Akseli
Karjalainen, Henna
Kastinen, Meeri
Tapiainen, Vilja V.
Ahtiainen, Maarit
Helminen, Olli
Wirta, Erkki-Ville
Rintala, Jukka
Meriläinen, Sanna
Saarnio, Juha
Rautio, Tero
Seppälä, Toni T.
Böhm, Jan
Mecklin, Jukka-Pekka
Tuomisto, Anne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9949-1887
Mäkinen, Markus J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4118
Väyrynen, Juha P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-2996
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Syöpäsäätiö (59-5619)
Syöpäsäätiö (69-7354)
Suomen Lääketieteen Säätiö (6021)
Sigrid Juséliuksen Säätiö (240241)
Sigrid Juséliuksen Säätiö (250264)
Sigrid Juséliuksen Säätiö (240194)
This study was funded by Cancer Society of Northern Finland (to VKÄ), Oulu Medical Research Foundation (to VKÄ), Orion Research Foundation sr
Jane ja Aatos Erkon Säätiö (21002)
Jane ja Aatos Erkon Säätiö (21002)
Academy of Finland (338657)
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Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Revised: 20 November 2025
Accepted: 25 November 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Conflict of interest
: TTS reports consultation fees from Mehiläinen, Nouscom, Orion Pharma, Amgen, and Tillots Pharma, and a position in the Clinical Advisory Board and as a minor shareholder of Lynsight Ltd. Other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: The study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. For Cohort 1, the study was conducted under approval from the Regional medical research ethics committee of the Wellbeing services county of North Ostrobothnia (25/2002, 42/2005, 122/2009, 37/2020), Biobank Borealis (BB-2017_1012), and Fimea (FIMEA/2022/001941). For Cohort 2, the study was conducted under approval from the Regional medical research ethics committee of the Wellbeing services county of Central Finland (13U/2011, 1/2016, 8/2020, 2/2023), Central Finland Biobank (BB23–0172), and Fimea (FIMEA/2023/001573). In Cohort 1, all participants gave written informed consent for the study. For Cohort 2, the need to obtain informed consent from the study patients was waived (FIMEA/2023/001573, 4/2023).
