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Authors
Laskar, Ruhina S.
Murphy, Neil
Ferrari, Pietro
Brennan, Paul
Cross, Amanda J.
Guevara, Marcela
Pala, Valeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5438-970X
Smith-Byrne, Karl https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1932-7463
Tjønneland, Anne
Fortner, Renée Turzanski
Braaten, Tonje Bjørndal
Nøst, Therese Haugdahl https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6805-3094
Skeie, Guri
Campbell, Peter T.
Gunter, Marc J.
Borch, Kristin B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1741-2322
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2025
Revised: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 20 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests. NM is currently an employee of Merck & Co., Inc. This article is the result of the scientific work of NM while he was affiliated at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This study was not funded by any commercial entity. All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript before submission. We also confirm that the paper has not been published previously and is not being given consideration or simultaneously submitted elsewhere.
: This is an observational study involving de-identified secondary data analysis only. There was no direct interaction with human subjects for this study.
