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Effects of preoperative recombinant Interleukin 2-based immunomodulation on outcome after gastrointestinal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-025-03304-x

Published Online: 2026-01-17

Published Print: 2026-04-05

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Horcicka, A.

Bewersdorf, N.

Kalkum, E.

Zimmermann, S.

Grüßer, L.

Dehne, S.

Weigand, M. A.

Klotz, R.

Larmann, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3365-4572
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-01-17

Version of Record valid from 2026-01-17
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Article History

Received: 29 June 2025

Revised: 15 November 2025

Accepted: 3 December 2025

First Online: 17 January 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: As we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, no ethics approval is necessary. We did not apply for ethics approval.

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