Ball, Markus
Beck, Susanne
Wlochowitz, Darius
Fuchs, Tina
Lorenz, Katja
Zgorzelski, Christiane
Pallares Robles, Alejandro
Allgäuer, Michael
Volckmar, Anna-Lena
Goldschmid, Hannah
Ourailidis, Iordanis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6783-5617
Brandt, Regine
Christopoulos, Petros https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7966-8980
Thomas, Michael
Seker-Cin, Huriye
Fink, Annette
Schnecko, Fabian
Neumann, Olaf https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2684-9187
Menzel, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4129-4741
Kirchner, Martina
Fioretos, Thoas
Schirmacher, Peter
Peters, Solange
Budczies, Jan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6668-5327
Stenzinger, Albrecht https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-103X
Kazdal, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8187-3281
Article History
Received: 16 July 2025
Revised: 20 November 2025
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 14 January 2026
Change Date: 26 February 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: In this article, the author’s name, Olaf Neumann, was incorrectly written as Olaf Neuman.
Change Date: 2 March 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-026-03360-x
Competing interests
: MB, SB, DW, TF, KL, CZ, APR, MA, AV, HG, IO, RB, HS, AF, FS, ON, MM report: no conflicts of interest. PC reports: Institutional Funding: Roche, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Takeda, Merck, AstraZeneca, Novartis. Advisory Board / Speaker’s Honoraria: Takeda, Gilead, AstraZeneca, Thermo Fisher, Janssen, Pfizer, Novartis, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Chugai, Boehringer Ingelheim, Takeda, Novartis, AstraZeneca, MSD, Roche. MT reports: Advisory Board: Amgen, AstraZeneca, Beigene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson&Johnson, Lilly, Merck, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Pharmamar, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda. Institutional Funding: AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Johnson&Johnson, Merck, Pharmamar, Roche, Takeda. MK reports: Speaker’s Honoraria: Veracyte Inc. TF reports: Financial Interest: Co-founder, board member, and owns stocks in Qlucore AB, Lund, Sweden. PS reports: Institutional Funding: Bayer, BMS, Chugai, Incyte, MSD. SP reports: Consultation/Advisory: AbbVie, Amgen, Arcus, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Beigene, BerGenBio, Biocartis, BioInvent, Blueprint Medicines, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clovis, Daiichi Sankyo, Debiopharm, Eli Lilly, F-Star, Fishawack, Foundation Medicine, Genzyme, Gilead, GSK, Hutchmed, Illumina, Incyte, Ipsen, iTeos, Janssen, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Merck Serono, Merrimack, Mirati, Nykode Therapeutics, Novartis, Novocure, Pharma Mar, Promontory Therapeutics, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche/Genentech, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics, Takeda. JB reports: Institutional Funding: German Cancer Aid, MSD. AS reports: Advisory Board/Speaker’s Honoraria: Agilent, Aignostics, Amgen, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Eli Lilly, Illumina, Incyte, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Qlucore, QuiP, Roche, Sanofi, Seagen, Servier, Takeda, Thermo Fisher. Institutional Funding: Bayer, BMS, Chugai, Incyte, MSD. DK reports: Speaker’s Honoraria/Advisory Board: AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Lilly, Agilent, Takeda.