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Authors
Li, Minghao
Li, Yang
Li, Chen
Liu, Anhang
Liu, Yang
Li, Yang
Xiao, Jian
Zhang, Dongchen
Jin, Yan
Wang, Guangxi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4884-2990
Pang, Xin
Jiang, Kewei
Yin, Yuxin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4102-0043
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81874235/82030081)
National Key Research and Development Program of China
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Article History
Received: 7 January 2025
Revised: 6 December 2025
Accepted: 25 January 2026
First Online: 6 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All the sample processing methods were performed in accordance with Interim Measures for the Administration of Human Biological Samples Used for Scientific Research in Medical and Health Institutions. This study is approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Peking University People’s Hospital (Approval No. 2022PHB025-001). All the participants in this study have signed written consents at Peking University People’s Hospital, defining that the tissue samples can be used for biological and medical research. Additionally, there was no identifiable image from human research participants involved in this study.
: All patients participating in the study provided written consent for the use of tissue samples and partial individual information (including gender, age, and diagnostic results) in research and publication.
