Huang, Ta-Chen
Guo, Jhe-Cyuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6689-9640
Lin, Chia-Chi
Kuo, Hung-Yang
Chuang, Chien-Huai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2327-0340
Cheng, Jason, Chia-Hsien https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-0220
Hsu, Feng-Ming
Lee, Jang-Ming
Huang, Pei-Ming
Liang, Cher-Wei
Li, Yu-I
Hsu, Chih-Hung https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0495-973X
Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Revised: 3 December 2025
Accepted: 25 January 2026
First Online: 20 March 2026
Competing interests
: As of Feb of 2025, over the past 2 years, Dr. Chih-Hung Hsu reports (1): institutional grants for investigator-initiated clinical trials from BeiGene, Gilead, Ipsen, Ono Pharmaceutical, and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (2); institutional grants for sponsor-initiated clinical trials from AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Ono Pharmaceutical, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Surface Oncology, and TransThera (3); personal consulting fees as members of advisory boards from AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Ono Pharmaceutical, and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (4); honoraria for lectures, presentations, or educational events from BMS, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Ono Pharmaceutical, and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (5); support for attending meetings and/or travel from F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (6); participation on steering committees of sponsor-initiated clinical trials for Daiichi Sankyo and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of National Taiwan University Hospital (permit number: 202005115MIPB). This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients has signed the informed consent before participating in the trial.