Geng, Ruiman
Cai, Huawei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1341-8417
Ji, Xuxu
Shen, Xiaoding
Wang, Ziyao
Li, Zhao
Liu, Ruomeng
Zhang, Zhengkun
Wang, Dingxue
Yin, Zhaoru
Zou, Jiaqiong
Guo, Rong
Dai, Panpan
Quan, Zhiyou
Chen, Lihong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3230-5736
Ke, Nengwen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7135-2244
Article History
Received: 8 July 2025
Revised: 10 January 2026
Accepted: 19 February 2026
First Online: 14 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This animal study was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (approval no. 20211170A). All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for Welfare of Animals in Experimental Neoplasia. Besides, immunohistochemical analyses of human tumour specimens were in compliance with ethical standards and approved by the Ethics Committee on Biomedical Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University (approval no. 2024-640); and informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.