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Authors
Crabb, Simon J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-9064
Morgan, Alannah
Stefanopoulou, Evgenia
Fleure, Louisa
Griffiths, Gareth O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9579-8021
Boxall, Cherish
Wilding, Sam
Nearchou, Theodora
Ewings, Sean https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7214-4917
Nuttall, Jacqueline
Eminton, Zina
Tilt, Emma
Whitby, Emma
Siu, Bernard
Ridley, Paul
Robson, Lynsey
Nobes, Jenny
Preece, Joanne
Bacon, Roger
Martin, Jonathan
Chamberlain, Sarah
Fenlon, Deborah
Hunter, Myra
Richardson, Alison
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
DH | NIHR | Research for Patient Benefit Programme (NIHR201542)
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Article History
Received: 23 September 2025
Revised: 16 December 2025
Accepted: 19 February 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Competing interests
: SJC: personal fees for speaking and/or advisory work from Amgen, Amphista Therapeutics, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Duality Bio, Ipsen, Janssen, Merck, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer and Roche. Research funding support from Astex Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Veracyte and Roche. Support for scientific meeting attendance from Bayer, BMS, Janssen, Merck and Novartis. GOG: research funding support from Janssen-Cilag, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Astex, Roche, Heartflow, Celldex, BMS, BioNTech, MSD, IntraOp, Synairgen, NHS England, Unitaid, Imugene, and GSK. Consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, AbbVie and RS Oncology. The rest of the authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines and approved by West Midlands-South Birmingham Research Ethics Committee (21/WM/0259). All participants provided written informed consent.
