Document is current

Article History

Received: 23 January 2025

Revised: 30 January 2026

Accepted: 10 March 2026

First Online: 9 April 2026

Competing interests

: AF served as a consultant to Roche, Novartis, MSD, Pierre-Fabre; received travel support from Roche, Novartis, BMS, Pierre-Fabre; received speaker fees from Roche, Novartis, BMS, MSD and CeGaT, received research funding from BMS outside the submitted work. IB received speaker fees from Novartis, Bayer and AstraZeneca and honoraria for advisory board participation from BMS and Novartis. SO received travel support and speaker fees from Illumina, Inc. and Oxford Nanopore Technologies. JA: No conflict of interest. EL: No conflict of interest. CS reports an institutional grant by Illumina, Inc. and research funding from BMS Stiftung Immuntherapie and Westdeutsche Studiengruppe. TA: TA reports personal honoraria from BMS, CeCaVa, Novartis and Pierre-Fabre; Institutional financial support from iFIT, Neracare, Novartis, Sanofi and SkylineDX, outside the submitted work. An institutional research Grant from Novartis was used to support sample analysis in the submitted work. FJH received travel support and speaker fees from Agilent Technologies, Inc. and Almirall S.A., received research funding from Almirall S.A. and BMS outside the submitted work.

: The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local institutional review board (Project IDs 062/2019BO2, 396/2019BO2).