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Authors
Rahkola, Oskari
Tuomisto, Anne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9949-1887
Elomaa, Hanna
Karjalainen, Henna
Äijälä, Ville K.
Kastinen, Meeri
Tapiainen, Vilja V.
Kehusmaa, Akseli
Ojanperä, Aino
Pohjanen, Vesa-Matti
Ahtiainen, Maarit
Helminen, Olli
Wirta, Erkki-Ville
Rintala, Jukka
Meriläinen, Sanna
Aro, Raila
Häivälä, Reetta
Saarnio, Juha
Rautio, Tero
Seppälä, Toni T.
Böhm, Jan
Mecklin, Jukka-Pekka
Mäkinen, Markus J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4118
Väyrynen, Juha P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-2996
Sirniö, Päivi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3988-3782
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
State Research Funding
Syöpäsäätiö (59-5619)
Emil Aaltosen Säätiö (220257P)
Suomen Lääketieteen Säätiö (6021)
Jane ja Aatos Erkon Säätiö (21002)
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Article History
Received: 3 March 2025
Revised: 13 February 2026
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Competing interests
: TTS reports consultation fees from Tillots Pharma, Mehiläinen and Nouscom, being a co-owner and CEO of Healthfund Finland Ltd, and a position in the Clinical Advisory Board and as a minor shareholder of Lynsight Ltd. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: For Cohort 1, the study was conducted under approval from the Regional medical research ethics committee of the Wellbeing services county of North Ostrobothnia (25/2002, 42/2005, 122/2009, 37/2020), Biobank Borealis (BB-2017_1012) and Fimea (FIMEA/2022/001941). The patients gave written informed consent to participate. For Cohort 2, the study was conducted under approval from the Regional medical research ethics committee of the Wellbeing services county of Central Finland (Dnro 13U/2011, 1/2016, 8/2020, 2/2023), Central Finland Biobank (BB23-0172), and Fimea (Dnro FIMEA/2023/001573, 4/2023). The need to obtain informed consent from the study patients was waived (Dnro FIMEA/2023/001573, 4/2023). For Cohort 3, the study was approved by The Ethics Committee at the Oulu University Hospital (235/2018) and all participants signed a written informed consent form. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
