Azam, Shadi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3273-1970
Lamb, Leslie R.
Eliassen, A. Heather https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3961-6609
King, Tari A.
Specht, Michelle
Kraft, Peter
Lindstrom, Sara
Lehman, Constance D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5839-6675
Tamimi, Rulla M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2306-8668
Funding for this research was provided by:
Breast Cancer Research Foundation | BCRF
Article History
Received: 22 July 2025
Revised: 20 February 2026
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Ethical approval and consent to participate
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, as well as by the ethics committees of participating cancer registries, as required (Protocol No. 1999P002112). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.
: C Lehman is a co-founder of and consultant to Clairity, Inc., and receives institutional grant support from GE Healthcare, Inc. All other authors disclosed no conflicts of interest.