Altbürger, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4545-2719
Menzel, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4129-4741
Beck, Susanne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2652-8722
Lorenz, Katja
Brygider, Marie-Luise
Ploeger, Carolin
Kahles, Andy
Ball, Markus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2312-8360
Kirchner, Martina
Schnecko, Fabian
Jung, Andreas
Klauschen, Frederick
Grob, Tobias
Horst, David https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-5743
Hirsch, Daniela
Evert, Matthias
Schirmacher, Peter
Budczies, Jan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6668-5327
Kazdal, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8187-3281
Stenzinger, Albrecht https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-103X
Article History
Received: 31 October 2025
Revised: 23 February 2026
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: This study focuses on developing a costing model for WGS/WTS and is neither a clinical trial nor a prospective or retrospective study that involves any patient data or patient material. Therefore, no ethics approval and no informed consent are required.
: Jan Budczies: consultant and/or adviser of MSD and grants from German Cancer Aid, outside of the submitted work. Daniel Kazdal: consultant and/or adviser of Agilent, AstraZeneca, BMS, Illumina, Incyte, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Taiho and Takeda, outside of the submitted work. Albrecht Stenzinger: consultant and/or adviser of Agilent, Aignostics, Amgen, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Eli Lilly, Illumina, Incyte, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Qlucore, QuiP, Roche, Sanofi, Seagen, Servier, Takeda and Thermo Fisher and grants from Bayer, BMS, Chugai, Incyte, MSD, outside of the submitted work.