Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Wiest, Isabella C. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4848-614X
Dreikhausen, Lena
Keller, Ralph
Marin-Galiano, Marcos
Albiges, Laurence
Meran, Johannes
Leucht, Katharina
Rieken, Stefan
Esteban, Emilio
Zengerling, Friedemann
Tintelnot, Joseph https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4619-9433
Grimm, Marc-Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3084-8654
Bozorgmehr, Farastuk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8058-8884
Christopoulos, Petros https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7966-8980
Stein, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-0086
Binder, Mascha
Härtel, Nicolai
Klinghammer, Konrad
Grünwald, Viktor https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-7687
Pogorzelski, Michael
Ebert, Matthias P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3228-5138
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 2 July 2025
Revised: 9 February 2026
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 19 May 2026
Competing interests
: ICW has received honoraria by AstraZeneca not related to this work. MMG is an employee of M.A.R.C.O. Institute for Clinical Research and Statistics, Düsseldorf, Germany, who were contracted to perform data analysis for this project.
: The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data, as it is a meta-analysis of original studies. Informed consent for all original studies was obtained initially
: Ethics approval was obtained for all individual studies, respectively, for each study site. Approval EudrCT numbers: TitanTCC (2016-004857-33), Titan RCC (2016-002307-26), FORCE (2015-005741-31), ELDORANDO (2016-001331-12), RAMONA (2017-002056-86), OPTIM (2017-003349-14), INTEGA (2017-000624-10). The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Each study participant signed informed consent.
