Riggio, Alessandra I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9882-1557
Sweeney, Kerri
Shaw, Robin
Lawlor, Amy https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5447-0739
Khan, Adiba
Ferrari, Nicola https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7925-8335
Anand, Jayanthi
Galbraith, Laura CA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1396-4226
Gilroy, Kathryn https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-194X
Bull, Courtney
Young, Alex L.
Athineos, Dimitris
Hall, Holly https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2779-2565
Ghaffar, Farah
Hughes, Mark https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1177-7050
Mitchell, Claire A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-2340
Mitchell, Louise
Nixon, Colin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8085-2160
Adams, Peter D.
Roberts, Edward W.
Miller, Crispin J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4341-1283
Dunne, Philip D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9160-283X
Campbell, Kirsteen J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0201-8736
Cameron, Ewan R.
Blyth, Karen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-439X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cancer Research UK (A29799)
Cancer Research UK (A31287)
Cancer Research UK (A29799)
Cancer Research UK (A29799)
Cancer Research UK (A31287)
Cancer Research UK (A29799)
Cancer Research UK (A29799)
Cancer Research UK (A29799)
Cancer Research UK (A29799)
Cancer Research UK (A31287)
Cancer Research UK (A31287)
Cancer Research UK (A1920)
Cancer Research UK (A29801)
Cancer Research UK (A29799)
Cancer Research UK (A29799)
Cancer Research UK (A29799)
Cancer Research UK (A29799)
Cancer Research UK (A31287)
Cancer Research UK (A31287)
Breast Cancer Now (2016NovPhD859)
Breast Cancer Now (2016NovPhD859)
Beatson Cancer Charity (22-23-063)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MC_PC_21039)
Article History
Received: 10 April 2025
Revised: 10 February 2026
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 7 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Animal experiments were carried out at the Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute in line with the revised Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 and local ethical review process (Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body at the University of Glasgow) under project licence authority (708645 and PP6345023 held by K Blyth).