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Authors
Gordon, Anderley https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2643-2196
Tran, Amina
Fong, Caroline
Cromarty, Susan
Piadel, Katarzyna
Zhitkov, Oleg
Leamon, Becky
Cafferkey, Catherine
Davidson, Michael
Das, Prantik
Petty, Russell https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2055-4572
Roques, Tom
Hewish, Madeleine
Morgan, Carys
Waddell, Tom https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-3829
Darby, Suzanne
Bradshaw, Alexander
Rao, Sheela
Starling, Naureen
Chau, Ian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0286-8703
Cunningham, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5158-1069
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
DH | National Institute for Health Research (No grant number)
The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and the Institute of Cancer Research
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Article History
Received: 17 December 2025
Revised: 23 March 2026
Accepted: 5 April 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following conflict of interests. DC: Consulting or Advisory Role: OVIBIO Research Funding: Bayer (Inst), 4SC (Inst), Clovis Oncology (Inst), Lilly (Inst), Leap Oncology (Inst), Roche (Inst). AG: Honoraria: Servier. CF: Honoraria: BMS. MD: speakers fee from Takeda and Roche. TW: Honoraria: Pfizer, Ipsen, Bristol Myers Squibb, EUSA Pharma Consulting or Advisory Role: Pfizer, Ipsen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Eisai Europe, Merck Research Funding: Bristol Myers Squibb (Inst), Pfizer (Inst), Ipsen (Inst), Merck Sharp & Dohme (Inst), Roche (Inst), Eisai (Inst) Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: EUSA Pharma, Bristol Myers Squibb, Ipsen Carys Morgan Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Novartis. CM: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Novartis. SD: Speakers fee: BMS, Servier. AB: Honoraria: SERVIER Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Servier. RP: Honoraria: Bristol Myers Squib, Servier Consulting or Advisory Role: Bristol-Myers Squib, Servier, BeiGene, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Astellas Pharma, Platinum Discovery Speakers’ Bureau: Bristol Myers Squibb, Servier Research Funding: AstraZeneca, MSD Oncology (Inst), Merck Serono (Inst), Roche (Inst), Astellas Pharma (Inst), Moderna Therapeutics (Inst), Amgen (Inst), BioNTech SE (Inst), AbbVie (Inst), Astellas Pharma (Inst), Daiichi Sankyo/AstraZeneca (Inst), Platinum Discovery (Inst) Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Bristol Myers Squibb, BeiGene, MSD. SR: Honoraria: Bayer, Servier (I), Merck Serono, Incyte Consulting or Advisory Role: AstraZeneca, Bayer, Nordic Bioscience Speakers’ Bureau: Takeda, Servier, Merck Serono, Incyte Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Servier, MSD Oncology. NS: Honoraria: Merck Serono, Servier, Pierre Fabre, MSD Oncology, Pierre Fabre, Seagen, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pierre Fabre, MSD Oncology, BMS, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Natera, Astellas Pharma, Tempus Consulting or Advisory Role: MSD Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Gilead Sciences, Seagen, Janssen, Takeda, Moderna Therapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca Research Funding: Gilead Sciences (Inst) Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: MSD Oncology, Guardant Health, Servier, GlaxoSmithKline, Takeda, Bristol Myers Squibb Uncompensated Relationships: Guardant Health. IC: Honoraria: Servier, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Astellas Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo. Consulting or Advisory Role: OncXerna Therapeutics, Astellas Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, Seagen, BioNTech SE, Takeda, Elevation Oncology, BeiGene, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Gilead Sciences, Roche/Genentech, Research Funding (Institution): Janssen-Cilag, Lilly. Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: BMS, Servier, Takeda, Jazz Pharmaceuticals. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interests.
: Ethics approval was obtained from the UK National Research Ethics Committee London Southeast (14/LO/1206) and the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (Eudra CT Number: 2014-002169-30).
: All participants provided written informed consent for participation including publication of results.
