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Authors
Lin, Shih-Chieh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9967-5037
Tsai, Ya-Chuan
Wang, Jui-Lin
Chin, Hsian-Jean
Tsai, Ching-Chin
Lin, Shin-Chih
Lin, Yi-Syuan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6574-6952
Lin, Bo-Wen
Tsai, Shaw-Jenq
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Health Research Institutes (NHRI-EX112-11220BI)
National Health Research Institutes (NHRI-EX113-11220BI)
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Article History
Received: 7 January 2025
Revised: 6 February 2026
Accepted: 9 April 2026
First Online: 6 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Cheng Kung University Hospital (approval No. A-ER-106-491). All procedures were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Colorectal cancer tissues, polyps, and normal colon tissue specimens were collected from patients undergoing surgical resection at the Department of Surgery of a university hospital. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board, and informed consent was obtained from each participant. No identifiable images from human research participants were used in this study.
