Chen, Kun
Ni, Jianjiao
Li, Yida
Gu, Sijia
Li, Ye
Yang, Xi
Goswami, Shyamal
Luo, Qiyu
Zhang, Yalei
Qian, Ling
Hu, Yudi
Zhou, Runye
Wang, Yating
Liu, Jingjing
Cai, Xiuyu
Zhang, Chunrong
Afridi, Saifullah
Chen, Yi
Wang, Peng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0569-9001
Zhu, Zhengfei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7537-3619
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81872461)
Article History
Received: 30 November 2025
Revised: 17 March 2026
Accepted: 9 April 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participating patients in the three cohorts, and this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and the other participating centers (approved number: 050432-4-2307E).