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Authors
Slawinski, Corinna G. V. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-7253
Malcomson, Lee
Barriuso, Jorge
Guo, Hui
Emsley, Richard
Riley, Richard D.
Harkin, Andrea
Iveson, Timothy
Glynne-Jones, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-222X
van de Velde, Cornelis J. H.
Renehan, Andrew G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-4405
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Article History
Received: 11 May 2025
Revised: 26 January 2026
Accepted: 30 April 2026
First Online: 9 June 2026
Competing interests
: JB has received consulting fees form Ellipses pharma and Nutricia; honoraria from Rand spa, AAA, Novartis, Ipsen and Pfizer; support for attending meetings from Nanostring and Rand spa. RR receives royalties from Wiley from the sale of his IPD meta-analysis textbook; consultancy fee from the BMJ for statistical reviews. RGJ has received honoraria from Servier. All other authors have no conflicts of interest.
: Ethics approval was not required for this study. Ethics approval for the individual trials included was obtained by the individual trials, and anonymised individual participant data was shared according to data transfer agreements with the trial centres. Patient informed consent was also obtained by the individual trials for trial participation, and was not directly required for this study. No informed consent was required in relation to imaging, as no patient imaging is included within the study. All methods were performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.
