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Authors
Mego, Michal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6511-6827
Israelyan, Edgar
Hamilton, Robert J.
Heidenreich, Axel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2511-3664
Basso, Umberto
Giannatempo, Patrizia
Buchler, Tomas
Dieckmann, Klaus-Peter
Huddart, Robert
Vincenzi, Bruno
Park, Kwonoh
Aparicio, Jorge https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0786
Tryakin, Alexei
Amiri, Ali
Malcharkova, Pavlina
Claps, Melanie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7932-7898
Miletic, Marija
Chaloupkova, Lucia
Angerer, Markus
Spiess, Philippe E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5723-1972
De Giorgi, Ugo
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De Giorgi, Ugo
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Article History
Received: 1 November 2025
Revised: 17 April 2026
Accepted: 20 May 2026
First Online: 2 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This retrospective multicenter study was conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations and with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia (reference number: GCTSK-008/2025/a; approval date: 27 January 2025). For participating centers, local IRB/ethics committee approval or confirmation was obtained according to local institutional requirements. Given the retrospective nature of the study, the use of anonymized/de-identified clinical data, and the fact that all included patients had died before study initiation, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of the National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.
