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Authors
Amadou, Amina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6662-2089
Freisling, Heinz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8648-4998
Mercoeur, Benoit
Bohmann, Patricia
Stein, Michael J.
Noh, Hwayoung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6978-8364
Gebremariam, Alem https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2173-6685
Sedlmeier, Anja M.
Peruchet-Noray, Laia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8742-8920
Gan, Quan
Leitzmann, Michael F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0371-2789
Baurecht, Hansjörg
Fervers, Béatrice
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Institut National Du Cancer (INCa_16643)
Institut National Du Cancer (INCa_16643)
Institut National Du Cancer (INCa_16643)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (BA 5459/2-1)
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Revised: 22 April 2026
Accepted: 16 June 2026
First Online: 11 July 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The UK Biobank study received ethical approval from the National Health Service (NHS) North West Centre for Research Ethics Committee (Ref:[ ]./NW/0382). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All participants provided written informed consent.
