Article History
Received: 8 March 2025
Revised: 4 May 2025
Accepted: 21 May 2025
First Online: 18 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study did not involve any experiments on human participants, human tissues, or animals conducted by the authors. All data used in this research were obtained from publicly available and fully anonymized databases (e.g., GEO and TCGA). According to the policies of our institutional ethics committee, ethical review and informed consent were not required for studies based solely on publicly available data.