Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32370589)
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (JQ23024)
Tsinghua University
Article History
Received: 18 January 2025
Revised: 10 June 2025
Accepted: 26 June 2025
First Online: 10 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Animal studies were approved by the Tsinghua University Institutional Animal Care permissions. The animal work was conducted under the protocol 18-CM1. This study meets the standards of animal ethics.