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Authors
Tsai, Chi-Neu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5940-0696
Yu, Ming-Chin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-7123
Lee, Yun-Shien https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9617-335X
Feng, Kuan-Chuan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8248-5344
Wu, Chun-Hsing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3343-2910
Li, Yi-Chin https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1289-9669
Cheng, Mei-Ling https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-133X
Lin, Sey-En https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-9452
Huang, Song-Fong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3300-799X
Lin, Tien-An https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6036-6635
Tsai, Chia-Lung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7895-909X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chang Gung Medical Foundation (CMRPG3N0451/2, CMRPD1K0711, CMRPVVM0091)
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (111-2314-B-182A-035-MY3, 111-2320-B-182-034, 112-2320-B-182-013)
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Article History
Received: 13 January 2025
Revised: 22 July 2025
Accepted: 5 August 2025
First Online: 25 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (approval number: 202202182B0). All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. No identifiable images or other personal details of participants are included in this manuscript; therefore, specific consent for publication was not required.
