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Authors
Zhang, Cong
Wang, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6350-698X
Xie, Biao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7474-4868
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Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Revised: 15 October 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study did not involve any experiments on human participants, human tissues, or animals conducted by the authors. All data used in this research were obtained from publicly available and fully anonymized databases (e.g., GEO and TCGA). According to the policies of our institutional ethics committee, ethical review and informed consent were not required for studies based solely on publicly available data.
